Arguably, (Kohn-Sham) density functional theory (DFT) has its roots in Slater’s 1951 paper on local electron-gas exchange, as an approximation to Hartree-Fock theory, that provided the basis for the Xα method which was introduced into chemistry with the Xα-Scattered Wave method that used a so-called muffin-tin potential providing spherical solutions solved on radial grids. I will trace some of the history of DFT through the 1960s and 70s, showing how Xα -SW opened doors and attracted chemists, particularly for transition-metal systems, into the 80s when techniques from quantum chemistry, notably Gaussian basis sets, took the forefront along with ever-improving exchange-correlation functionals and methods for treating complex dynamical physico-chemical systems. I’ll then fast-forward to today with the advent of artificial intelligence, machine learning and, most recently, emerging applications of quantum computing. Example applications will be drawn from our own work, searching for new drugs or nanocatalytic materials, on the one hand, and quantum entangled radical pairs in biology, on the other. With apologies to the myriad others whose work is surely more exemplary.

本次讲座介绍了数学优化领域，特别是线性规划与半正定规划问题近期的一些算法进展和求解软件开发工作。主要包括了：1，基于在线优化的高效预求解算法，2，求基本解的智能跳跃新算法，3，ADMM算法的新进展，4，基于GPU架构求解LP问题的PDHG算法。以上算法多数已经应用于最新的数值优化算法求解软件COPT，将其在过去三年在LP/SDP求解上提高了三倍以上速度。对某些著名困难问题，新算法将其求解时间从以前的数天/数小时下降到了分钟级别。

“墨子号”是国际上第一颗用于空间量子科学实验的卫星，该工程旨在建立卫星与地面远距离量子科学实验平台，并在此平台上完成空间大尺度量子科学实验。报告的主要内容包括：量子科学实验卫星的主要科学目标、工程目标、天地系统的构成和量子科学实验结果；工程的研制中解决的多项关键技术，特别在空间光电技术方面取得的技术进步；以及下一代中高轨量子科学实验卫星的发展设想。

一、前言 二、你的请求权基础？ 三、请求权基础的建构：法学方法的改变与创新 四、一个思考模式 五、请求权基础的方法 六、“请求权”与“抗辩”：对立性思考 七、判决型与鉴定型 八、案例研习 九、法律教育的任务 十、结论 十一、附录：案例说明

量子计算是挑战人类操控微观世界极限能力的世纪系统工程，有可能为第四次工业革命提供颠覆性算力支撑。作为被寄予厚望的技术路线之一，超导量子计算近几年发展迅速，有望在未来扩展到数千个量子比特以上。然而，在超导量子技术路线中，也存在量子比特集成难和量子比特纠错难等困境。在该报告中，将主要介绍深圳国际量子研究院在超导量子计算领域中的研究进展，包括在分布式量子芯片量子互联、量子纠错、超导量子网络等领域里程碑突破，并介绍在超导量子计算领域存在的一些困境和技术难题。

纵观历史，结构材料的革新是结构工程发展的主要动力之一。目前，世界上的基础设施建设，主要采用钢材（钢型材、钢筋）和混凝土， 但由钢材和混凝土建造的工程结构面临钢材锈蚀导致结构短寿的挑战。结构短寿导致的拆除重建，不仅会带来巨大经济损失，也会大大增加环境污染和碳排放。在土木工程领域，高性能纤维增强脂基复合材料（简称复合材料或者复材）是一种具有巨大应用潜力的新型材料：采用复合材料加固既有结构已经成为延长结构寿命的一种主流技术，而复合材料也为新建结构的技术创新提供了广阔的空间。本报告探讨如何在土木工程中应用复合材料提升新建结构的寿命，重点关注复合材料缠绕管、复合材料筋及复合材料索的应用，以及复合材料在海洋工程中的重要角色。

有机金属试剂在有机合成化学中得到了广泛应用。针对不同取代基，构象和构形的烯烃，开发出不同的稀土催化剂，以达到合成不同聚合物的目的极具挑战性。通过对有限的稀土元素的催化效果研究后，探索不同配体对稀土元素催化效果的影响，进而合成无限的稀土催化剂并为合成新化合物或之前不能发生聚合反应的烯烃提供了新的合成策略。

我们将沿着微分几何发展的一条主线，介绍被誉为二十世纪数学最重要定理之一的Atiyah-Singer指标定理。

The lecture will explore the start, growth and excitement of my academic career at Imperial College over the past 30 years, how did it develop through the different stages of academic progression? What are the learning lessons and takeaways that can be helpful to those starting, developing or already advanced on this exciting journey? This will also include a discussion of my wide experience of creating impact towards Industry and how best to manage their expectations and provide value! Finally, a technical discussion will discuss briefly the ‘The Journey towards Net Zero’ particularly in transportation systems, this will be done via the exploration of “The CO2 Equation”.

在本次报告中，首先将介绍经典的Fourier方法及其在线性常系数偏微分方程中的应用；继而讲解拟微分算子和Fourer积分算子及其在线性变系数偏微分方程中的应用；最后介绍Bony的仿伪分分解及其在非线性偏微分方程中的应用等学术前沿。

Solid-state batteries, in which the liquid electrolyte used in today’s lithium-ion batteries is replaced by a solid, could offer a leap forward in the performance and safety of batteries. They are regarded by many at the likely next big thing in battery tech. However, there are challenges facing solid-state batteries that require fundamental understanding of the science underpinning their operation. For example, at the negative electrode a Li metal anode is desirable to achieve high energy densities. On discharging such a cell, voids form at the Li/solid electrolyte interface due to limited Li metal creep/diffusion at practical stack pressures and practical discharge currents. These voids accumulate on cycling, leading to detachment of the Li anode and consequently high local currents during charge, triggering growth of dendrites (filaments of Li metal that penetrate the ceramic electrolyte). Li dendrites can penetrate ceramics even with high relative densities. When they reach the cathode (positive electrode) the cell short-circuits and fails catastrophically. The positive electrode also presents interfacial challenges. It is a composite of the active material, e.g. NMC 811, the solid electrolyte and carbon. Volume changes of the active material on cycling, reactivity at the interfaces and the need to ensure effective ion and electron transport throughout the composite are all problems to be addressed. I shall discuss some of these interfacial challenges as time permits. Combined operando X-ray CT and modelling reveals insights into voiding and dendrites. Dendrite initiation, then propagation across the solid electrolyte are revealed as separate processes, leading to different conclusions as to how they might be mitigated. Crack deflection to mitigate shorts will be considered as will contouring of the interface. There is a lot of interest in interlayers placed between the solid electrolyte and anode current collector. Carbon-based interlayers will be discussed, revealing the structural changes within the interlayer and Li deposition behaviour during the processes of charge and discharge. The performance limits and failure mechanisms of the interlayer will be considered. At the cathode, strategies for accommodating volume changes on cycling involving designer polymers are under investigation and will be presented if I have time.

（一）Michael P. Snyder Our present healthcare system focuses on treating people when they are ill rather than keeping them healthy. We have been using big data and remote monitoring approaches to monitor people while they are healthy to keep them that way and detect disease at its earliest moment presymptomatically. We use advanced multiomics technologies (genomics, immunomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics) as well as wearables and microsampling for actively monitoring health. Following a group of 109 individuals for over 13 years revealed numerous major health discoveries covering cardiovascular disease, oncology, metabolic health and infectious disease. We have also found that individuals have distinct aging patterns that can be measured in an actionable period of time. Finally, we have used wearable devices for early detection of infectious disease, including COVID-19 as well as microsampling for monitoring and improving lifestyle. We believe that advanced technologies have the potential to transform healthcare and keep people healthy. （二）Michael Karin Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMP) elicit inflammation and provide co-stimulatory signals to adaptive immune cells1, but whether recurring innate stimulation circumvents self-tolerance2,3 to establish maldaptive and long-lasting autoimmunity is unknown. We adressed this question using the NLRP3 inflammasome activator alum4, which induces the circulatory release of oxidized mitochondrial DNA (Ox-mtDNA)5, a DAMP associated with diverse metabolic6 and autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) where it correlates with dysregulated type I interferon (IFN-I) production7-10. Yet, whether Ox-mtDNA is the cause of autoimmunity remained unknown. We show that by inducing Ox-mtDNA release repetitive alum injections triggered germinal center reactions, autoantibody production and renal pathology. The same reactions were induced by in-vitro prepared Ox-mtDNA, while non-oxidized mtDNA was non-pathogenic. Both mtDNA forms were preferentially taken up by plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and induced IFN-I but only Ox-mtDNA triggered NLRP3-dependent IL-1β production, resulting in autocrine induction of IL-21 that together with IL-1β, but independently of IFN-I, enabled pDC to convert naïve CD4+ T cells into follicular helper cells that support autoantibody production. Highlighting Ox-mtDNA as a uniquely immunogenic DAMP and IL-1β as key orchestrator of autoantibody induction, these findings may pertain to the origins of SLE, the autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA)11 and related diseases, while providing new preventive and therapeutic targets.