Since global climate and health issues are becoming more urgent, many countries have made pledges towards carbon reduction and net zero within the next decades. Defossilization is one major aspect in such scenarios. The increasing introduction of renewable power goes along with a different focus and new opportunities for combustion science and applications. Alternative fuels and fuel blends as well as novel combustion and aftertreatment strategies aim to reduce the carbon footprint and local emissions. From a chemical viewpoint, such measures introduce exciting research questions regarding in-depth information on the combustion process, including detailed, fundamentally founded reaction mechanisms and physico-chemical combustion models of predictive character. Progress relies increasingly on valuable combinations of experiments, theory, simulation, and data strategies. The talk will highlight some recent examples of combustion chemistry research within this general discussion. Powerful in-situ diagnostic methods are applied to probe reactive systems in laboratory configurations. Results from prototypical fuels will be shown also to provide some guidance for further theoretical studies and model development. Such selected examples can serve as food for thought about chances and challenges in the transition towards carbon-reduced processes.

工业4.0提出十年后，已在全球范围内被确立为制造业数字化转型的成功范式。从那时起，最初的概念不断被推进，以管理从数字化、资源节约型工厂到数字化和可持续经济的转变。重要的推动因素有：数字孪生、工业元空间、基于人工智能的自动化和机器人技术、智能服务和数字商业生态系统，以及在联合数据空间中的可信数据交换。 将废物从当前的价值链中移除，增长可以与资源消耗脱钩，以实现生态效益并建立循环经济。双模性、循环性、敏捷性和网络准备将塑造商业的未来。

In this talk I will describe how to plant novel types of backdoors in any facial recognition model based on the popular architecture of deep Siamese neural networks, by mathematically changing a small fraction of its weights (i.e., without using any additional training or optimization). These backdoors force the system to err only on specific persons which are preselected by the attacker. For example, we show how such a backdoored system can take any two images of a particular person and decide that they represent different persons (an anonymity attack), or take any two images of a particular pair of persons and decide that they represent the same person (a confusion attack), with almost no effect on the correctness of its decisions for other persons. Uniquely, we show that multiple backdoors can be independently installed by multiple attackers who may not be aware of each other's existence with almost no interference. Joint work with Irad Zehavi.

Nanotechnology is undoubtedly one of the most important technologies in the 21st century, impacting a very broad range of scientific research and industries, from semiconductor ICs, and data storage, nanophotonics, batteries, displays, light emitting diodes, optical communication, virtual reality, biotechnology, medicine, security features, to name just a few. However, the full potential of nanotechnology cannot be utilized, unless we have a nanomanufacturing technology that can manufacture nanostructures with high throughput and low cost. Of all existing technologies for manufacturing well-defined nanostructures, nanoimprint clearly is one of the most promising ones. Nanoimprint has a unique combination of attributes, including the highest resolution (0.3 nm!), the smallest pitch (<10 nm), large-area (e.g. wall-paper size), high-throughput and low cost, that are unmatchable by other existing methods. As a result, nanoimprint has emerged as one of the most important manufacturing technologies in the 21st century, and is rapidly evolving into a multi-billion-dollar industry. As the inventor of nanoimprint, the author will present his view overview on the status and future of nanoimprint in research and industrialization. Furthermore, the author will discuss another groundbreaking technology innovation called iMOST™ (instant Mobile Self-Test) – a new platform for healthcare test, that he has invented and developed*. iMOST is designed to offer instant mobile personal self-medical-diagnostic testing that is accurate, reliable, simple to use, affordable to everyone, and can be used anywhere and anytime. iMOST achieved its goals by outside-the-box thinking and a new paradigm, that is fundamentally different from the traditional and that successfully removes several key roadblocks in testing outside a lab. The new paradigm has the following unique features: (i) “Fault-Tolerant” (ii) “One Device for All” and (iii) low-cost, portable and scalable. The new paradigm is uniquely achieved by using nanotechnology, advance imaging, Nano-Enabled Artificial intelligence/Machine-learning (NEAM) and new bio/chemical processes into diagnostic testing. iMOST is poised to replace traditional, expensive, time-consuming lab test, significantly impacting future telemedicine. * The iMOST work was performed at Essenlix Corp

Protein folding can begin co-translationally. Due to the difference in timescale between folding and synthesis, co-translational folding is thought to occur at equilibrium for fast folding domains. Thus, the folding kinetics of stalled ribosome-bound nascent chains should match the folding of nascent chains in real time. We test this assumption by comparing the folding of a ribosome-bound, multi-domain calcium-binding protein stalled at different points in translation with the nascent chain as is it being synthesized in real-time, via optical tweezers. In vitro, a misfolded state of the protein occurs readily, and on stalled ribosomes, the misfolded state still forms rapidly (1.5 s). Surprisingly, during active translation, this state is only attained after a long delay (~ 60 s), indicating that, unexpectedly, the growing polypeptide is not equilibrated with its ensemble of accessible conformations. Slow equilibration on the ribosome can delay premature folding until adequate sequence is available and/or allow time for chaperone binding, thus promoting productive folding. On the other hand, interactions between the nascent polypeptide and the ribosome exit tunnel represent one mode of regulating synthesis rates, which, in turn, are thought to affect protein folding. The SecM protein arrests its own translation as part of a feedback mechanism, and release of arrest has been proposed to occur by mechanical force at the translocon. This is the so-called translocon mechanical hypothesis. Using optical tweezers, I demonstrate that arrest of SecM-stalled ribosomes can indeed be rescued by force alone. Moreover, I will show that the force needed to release stalling can be generated in vivo by a nascent chain folding near the ribosome tunnel exit. I formulate a kinetic model describing how a protein can regulate its own synthesis by the force generated during folding, tuning ribosome activity to structure acquisition by a nascent polypeptide.

在本次报告中，王复明院士将从治水梦想的起源、固坝修道的成果、坝道医院的使命三个方面讲述自己人生三个阶段的心路历程。高中毕业后，“75.8”抗洪抢险经历使他萌生了“治水”梦，选择水利工程专业，立志做一名“治水”的工程医生。博士毕业后，以水灾害防治、“固坝修道”为方向，带领团队十年磨一剑，完成了道路、铁路及机场病害诊治技术，堤坝及地下工程渗漏涌水防治技术和地下管道非开挖修复技术等成果。当选院士后，致力建设“坝道工程医院”，打造科教融合实践育人共享平台。

在科学史上诸多学科都迎来过自己的大发现时代，数学的大发现为后续其它学科的大发现奠定了基础，地理学和天文学的大发现开始出现了从数据（Data）到信息（Information），再到知识（Knowledge），最后升阶为智慧（Wisdom）的理论路径雏形。物理学、化学的大发现验证了从数据到智慧的DIKW路径。在生命科学领域，分子生物学的中心法则的发现过程依旧遵从DIKW路径。在还原论的指导下，通过对人体从系统到组织、到细胞、到细胞器再到构成细胞的生物大分子的分析取得了一系列诺奖级成果。但从蛋白质到细胞、从细胞到器官再到人体的构成规律仍然未知。还原论的尽头是对系统论的呼唤！贝塔朗菲提出了生命的机体论，并进一步创建了《一般系统论》，开启了系统科学时代。 人类基因组计划的完成提醒了人们基因组并不能解释人类生老病死的主要问题，因为行使生命体功能并反映时空特性的基本物质是蛋白质而非基因，是蛋白质组的巨大多样性、复杂性与可变性提供了生命万象的物质基础。随着蛋白质组测量技术的通量化、全球化与系统科学、人工智能等领域的飞跃式突破，我们认为破解人体构成原理之谜，迎来新一轮生命科学大发现时代的时机已然而至。为此我们筹划并发起了“人体蛋白质组导航”国际大科学计划（Proteomic Navigator of The Human Body），简称π-HuB计划。π-HuB计划将对人体蛋白质组结构空间和状态空间进行系统测量，定义人体状态并构建动态模型，建立可指导健康管理、疾病治疗与预防的人体状态空间导航系统。我们热切期待系统科学对π-HuB计划DIKW四大任务的鼎力襄助！

化学作为一门在原子、分子层次上研究物质变化的中心科学，是人类使用新材料的源泉。功能介孔材料是一类孔径在2-50纳米的多孔材料，它不仅具备高比表面积、孔道尺寸和孔容均一可控等独特性质，而且具有无机功能纳米颗粒优异的光学、电学、磁学等特性。因此多级结构功能介孔材料在催化、储能、吸附、分离、电子材料、生物医药等众多领域中都有广阔的应用前景。这里我们主要介绍近年来在界面组装调控实现取向组装可控合成多级结构功能介孔材料方面的研究进展，同时介绍近期功能介孔材料在催化剂载体、电极材料、绝热材料、介电材料等领域的应用。

自旋是自然界粒子的基本属性，在现代科技如磁共振影像、磁存储中有着重要应用。近三十年来，随着实验技术的巨大进步，人们对自旋的调控达到了新的高度，现已能在微观尺度上对少量乃至单个自旋进行高精度地控制和测量，为开启全新的自旋应用带来了重大机遇。通过发展具备变革性特征的自旋科学技术，有望促成前沿交叉科学研究中的重大突破，并催生出一批有可能对人类社会带来深远影响的重要科技。本报告回顾了在单自旋量子调控及前沿应用研究上取得的主要进展，并对未来发展趋势做简要展望。

Supramolecular Chemistry may be defined as “the design and synthesis of functional molecules”. As the subject matures, it becomes increasingly important that these functions should be genuinely useful. Opportunities exist in medicine, but the precision required and the complexity of biological media raise major challenges. This lecture will discuss two areas where discoveries with real potential have been made. The first is the design of synthetic receptors for carbohydrates, especially glucose, an important target in the context of diabetes. Research in this field has led to a system with remarkable properties, potentially enabling developments such as glucose-responsive insulin. The second is the transport of anions across cell membranes by synthetic carriers, where high activities have been demonstrated and medical applications are under active investigation. Results in both areas suggest that the rational design of functional molecules can open new avenues in medicinal chemistry, complementing the standard paradigm of lock-and-key binding to macromolecular targets.

2001年，美国化学家Karl Barry Sharpless教授，因发现不对称催化氧化反应获得诺贝尔化学奖，时年60周岁。同一年，Sharpless教授在德国应用化学（Angewandte Chemie）期刊上发表了一篇题为“点击化学：通过几个好的反应实现分子功能”的综述，首次提出了一个名为“点击化学”的化学反应，并列出了应该满足的几个标准。投稿过程中，这篇点击化学论文被所有评委要求拒稿。然而，这篇论文已成为人类目前合成化学领域引用最高的一篇论文。2022年，Sharpless教授因为对“发展点击化学”做出的贡献，时隔21年后再次荣膺诺贝尔化学奖。尽管点击化学这个领域的诞生不过二十年，但点击化学已被广泛应用于聚合物材料合成、生物分子标记、药物开发等一系列重要的研究和生产领域。 历史上获得两个诺贝尔自然科学奖的大师屈指可数。Sharpless教授的成就引人惊叹，他两次获奖的“点击化学”和“不对称催化”分属于不同的方向。在本次报告中，Sharpless教授将介绍点击化学领域的发展、现状和最新进展，重点介绍点击化学中最有代表性的三个反应，并分享他在从事化学研究过程中的心得体会。

报告介绍NSFC和中科院学科战略研究项目《健康地学》的重要成果，结合研究案例，论述健康地学的理论体系及其重点研究方向。

Earth’s oceans play a critical role in moderating extremes of climate whilst also mitigating the worst effects of climate change. By absorbing vast quantities of heat and carbon, the oceans slow atmospheric warming and moderate extremes of climate. But these benefits do not come without cost. As the oceans warm, acidify and expand, they also disrupt ecosystems, bleach coral reefs, melt ice caps, reshape coastlines and generate more severe hurricanes. This talk will outline the ways in which the ocean acts to moderate extremes of climate and climate change, and how this apparently free mitigation service might also have disastrous consequences in the future.

催化科学与技术推动了人类工业文明进程，发展至今面临着保护环境和顾及人类可持续发展问题的新挑战，因此环境催化应运而生。本报告重点介绍环境催化在消除气态污染物方面的国内外研究前沿及应用，特别是在机动车尾气催化净化和在工业烟气净化方面的应用，并拓展到自然界的环境催化效应，展望相关研究今后面临的挑战、对策和应用的前景。

人工细胞是通过自下而上策略构建的仿细胞组装体。长期以来，科学家致力于探索生命与非生命的边界，而制造有生命特征的人工细胞是其中最大的挑战之一，也被列入Science期刊与上海交大共同发布的“125个最具挑战的科学问题”。其涵盖了生命起源研究、生命材料、合成生物学及生物工程学等多个领域。 近年来，Stephen Mann院士在人工细胞领域取得了丰硕的成果，其中代表性工作包括（1）人工细胞的感知及运动；（2）人工细胞之间的信息处理；（3）人工细胞组装为人工组织；（4）天然细胞和人工细胞的杂合体。在本次讲坛中，Stephen Mann院士将通过介绍以上最新研究成果，展示人工细胞将为创造新的生命体以及制造人工智能材料提供新思路和新方法。

近年来，聚集诱导发光材料（AIEgens）在生物医学研究领域迅速增长。AIEgens在单分子状态下几乎不发光但它们在聚集状态下可以被激活进而展现强荧光发射能力将它们与传统的有机发光团和无机纳米颗粒区分开来，使其成为许多高科技应用的绝佳选择。在本次演讲中，刘院士总结了借助AIE开发了新型荧光生物探针在生物传感和成像方面的应用。具有不同性质和表面功能的AIE探针在非侵入性癌细胞检测、长期细胞跟踪和血管成像方面表现出优于量子点和小分子染料的先进特性。 此外，刘院士团队发现AIEgens在聚集状态下有高亮度和高效的活性氧生成，可进一步将其应用到基于图像引导的癌症手术和治疗上。通过第一性原理计算和贝叶斯优化的学习提高了对AIEgens材料性能的准确预测，实现了高性能光敏剂（AIE）的改进，显著提高了在生物医学研究中的进展。

发展高效节能机械系统是人类社会发展的重要标志，新型纳米材料与增材制造为发展该类系统带来了新的契机。本报告将介绍超纳双相等新型结构纳米材料的新发展趋势及其在各种先进系统应用中的集成。其中包括新型工程纳米材料制备的多稳态（变形金刚）在水下机器人，可变体汽车与飞机等领域的应用。还将介绍不同驱动方式的（预应力，磁，水，酒精，光驱动聚集诱导发光）4D打印复杂形状陶瓷与高分子材料与结构的工作原理和制备，以及它们的广泛应用前景。增材制造为我们带来了无数新的实现方案及拓展空间，也让实现新的高性能的超材料变成可能，最后将介绍基于AI设计的高效廉价的纳米制氢催化剂，为大幅降低绿氢能源及氢能源车成本提供了崭新的途径。

在长期的演化中，生命系统在各个层次都涌现出了许多赖以生存、竞争、适应环境的功能。选择压促使这些功能不断优化，使其“设计原理”收敛到最优或近似最优，让我们有规可循，并对其进行科学的归纳和分析。

稀土是重要的战略资源，也是不可再生资源，因其独特的电子结构使其呈现出丰富多彩的磁学、光学、电学等物理性质。稀土磁性材料是稀土元素最重要的应用领域，不仅被广泛应用于电子、信息、电机、汽车、交通、能源、家电等民用产品领域，更是国防尖端技术领域重要的基础材料。 沈院士将介绍我国稀土资源的现状，稀土资源平衡、高效利用的意义，介绍稀土材料尤其是稀土永磁材料等的研究进展和重要应用，以及稀土在国家高新技术产业和国防尖端应用中所发挥的重要作用。

本次报告主要介绍我国新材料技术和产业的发展现状、存在问题、需求分析以及发展趋势等。从世界各国发展重点来看，以先进材料为代表的关键核心领域是未来竞争的焦点，包括超宽禁带材料、下一代的光调制器材料、铁电材料、纳米材料、先进半导体材料等等。我国材料产业体系基本完整，产业规模不断壮大，但是在如集成电路的关键材料、超高纯的多晶硅等方面依然大量依赖进口，多个领域的产业链都存在产业短板、与国外差距较大。 对于我国新材料未来的发展，必须克服以前散、小、乱的局面建立材料的创新体系。要进一步明确战略定位，面向国家需求，梳理解决重大科技问题，打造不可替代的科技创新能力。聚焦国家目标任务需求，打造多主题、全链条、系统化的体系和生态，建立国际领先、覆盖全生命周期的材料表征验证平台，组建多要素和持续的科技金融链网。